A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_URI::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/URI.php

Line Number: 101

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Router::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Router.php

Line Number: 127

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Home::$benchmark is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Home::$hooks is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Home::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Home::$log is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Home::$utf8 is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Home::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Home::$exceptions is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Home::$router is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Home::$output is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Home::$security is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Home::$input is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Home::$lang is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Home::$load is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 78

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Home::$xmlrpc is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1283

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Home::$pagination is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1283

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Home::$emailer is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1283

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Home::$encryption is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1283

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::open($save_path, $name) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::open(string $path, string $name): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 132

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::close() should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::close(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 292

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::read($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::read(string $id): string|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 166

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::write($session_id, $session_data) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::write(string $id, string $data): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 235

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::destroy($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::destroy(string $id): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 315

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::gc($maxlifetime) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::gc(int $max_lifetime): int|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 356

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 282

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_set_cookie_params(): Session cookie parameters cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 289

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 314

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 315

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 316

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 317

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 375

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 108

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_set_save_handler(): Session save handler cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 110

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_start(): Session cannot be started after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 143

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Home::$session is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1283

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Home::$csvimport is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1283

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Home::$user_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Home::$crud_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Home::$video_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Home::$email_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Home::$payment_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Home::$lazyload is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Home::$api_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Home::$addon_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Home::$db is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 396

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 10
Function: database

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_DB_mysqli_driver::$failover is deprecated

Filename: database/DB_driver.php

Line Number: 371

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 10
Function: database

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$benchmark is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 458
Function: view

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$hooks is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 458
Function: view

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 458
Function: view

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$log is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 458
Function: view

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$utf8 is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 458
Function: view

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 458
Function: view

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$exceptions is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 458
Function: view

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$router is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/application/controllers/Home.php
Line: 458
Function: view

File: /home/u343447130/domains/akswebsoft.site/public_html/isieindia/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

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A clear understanding of Vehicle Dynamics is needed for predicting the behaviour of any vehicle under different conditions. Responses of components and intuitive feedback to driver govern safety and handling in general. Also, the dynamics of a vehicle can be the deciding factor in any competitive event. In-vehicle dynamics, the vehicle body (sprung mass), the suspension component (spring and damper) and tire (unsprung mass) are essential parts of the system. ISIEINDIA | Vehicle design and dynamics

Vehicle Design and Dynamics

Description

As a basic theory of the vehicle industry, vehicle dynamics play an important role in the development of the vehicle industry. In the past decades, great progress was made in the theory and experiment of vehicle dynamics. Vehicle Dynamics gives us an idea of how a vehicle will respond to various situations. This study has its roots in the work of creative engineers who established the methodology of various dynamic systems. As automobiles evolved the understanding of vehicle dynamics became important. Subsequently, it has moved towards modelling, analysis, and optimization of multi-body dynamics with accurate positioning, sensing, and calculations with intelligent computer software.

A clear understanding of Vehicle Dynamics is needed for predicting the behaviour of any vehicle under different conditions. Responses of components and intuitive feedback to driver govern safety and handling in general. Also, the dynamics of a vehicle can be the deciding factor in any competitive event. In-vehicle dynamics, the vehicle body (sprung mass), the suspension component (spring and damper) and tire (unsprung mass) are essential parts of the system. 

Program Overview:

Vehicle dynamics is the study of behaviour of vehicles in motion. The study is one of the most important activities in the Vehicle design and development cycle to design vehicles which drive well and are comfortable to ride in.

What You Will Learn:

 Concepts and mechanisms which govern the actions and reactions in vehicles all the way from how vehicles accelerate, brake, turn and respond to vibrations.

 The Theory and concepts behind suspension design process including concepts of kinematics and vibration isolation.

 In this course you will be learning about the systems and Sub system along with Modelling of Parts, Chassis Design and Analysis.

 You will be also learning various forces acting on Chassis, Wheel Dynamics, Braking System, and Steering System along with Calculation.

This program provides you with the most flexible learning environment possible. This program is offered as a self-paced program often referred to as an asynchronous online program which is time-independent, meaning that it can be accessed 24X7 life time access.

This program can be accessed from multiple devices which make it easy to learn on the go. Lectures that are pre-recorded or slide presentation with voice-over commentary, interactive discussion boxes, real time modelling on different advanced software, GIF, Videos , graphs etc.


Program outcomes
  • Apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering.

  • Design and Dynamics Concept along with Calculation.

  • Mathematical Modelling / CAD Modelling

  • Body of Frame – Chassis Design and Analysis

  • Vehicle Verification and Validation

  • What are the Codes and Standards need to be followed to design a vehicle as per Motor Vehicle Act / ARAI/ICAT

  • Design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data.

  • Identify, formulates, and solves engineering problems.

  • Recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long learning.

  • Utilize experimental, statistical and computational methods and tools necessary for engineering practice.

  • To develop extensive knowledge and understanding of a wide range of computer modelling and simulation software.

  • Conduct rigorous and ethical research / formal inquiry into related issues that require familiarity with a range of research sources and appropriate methodologies.

  • Build a strong understanding of the fundamental concepts which are at work in a vehicle which is in motion.

  • Learn how to design a Basic suspension from scratch.

  • Learn the basics of Vibration isolation and what is damping in suspensions?


Requirements
  • Mobile/Laptop/Tablet with good internet connectivity.
  • Interest in electric vehicle and future mobility.

Syllabus

  • 56 Lessons
  • 14:58:00 Hours
  • Introduction to Chassis00:13:00
  • Factor affecting chassis and machining00:16:00
  • Calculation on chassis CG & reactive forces00:08:00
  • Structural Analysis of Frame00:14:00
  • Automotive Materials00:18:00
  • Ergonomics00:16:00
  • Vehicle Aerodynamics00:10:00
  • Prototyping00:13:00
  • Challenges in EV00:15:00
  • Goals set for Electrification00:15:00
  • Standards and Regulation in India00:15:00
  • Requirements for Policy Making00:15:00
  • Validation of EV in India00:10:00
  • Assessment 1
  • Prerequisite for chassis design- SolidWorks User Interface 00:15:00
  • Chassis Design and Dynamics00:21:00
  • Chassis Design - On Solidworks 00:28:00
  • Simulation on Chassis00:32:00
  • FE Analysis of Automotive Chassis -I 00:45:00
  • FE Analysis of Automotive Chassis -II (Structural Analysis) 00:11:00
  • FE Analysis of Automotive Chassis -III (Explicit Dynamic Analysis) 00:20:00
  • Mechanical Drawing Terminologies00:35:00
  • Benefits and Limitations of CAD00:15:00
  • Design Considerations for CAD00:10:00
  • Manufacturing Considerations00:10:00
  • Positive Mould and Negative Mould 00:15:00
  • Market Survey and Trends00:11:00
  • Inception of CAE00:12:00
  • Types of CAE- I00:19:00
  • Types of CAE- II00:27:00
  • Verification and Validation Process00:10:00
  • Wheel & load distribution with wheel dynamics00:16:00
  • SAE Tyre axis system00:12:00
  • History & Manufacturing of tire materials00:15:00
  • Tire Formula00:08:00
  • Tire Designation00:08:00
  • Rim material and manufacturing00:09:00
  • Tire Modelling Using SolidWorks00:15:00
  • Introduction to Braking Mechanism & components00:16:00
  • Anti-lock Braking system - ABS00:14:00
  • Materials & Factor affecting brakes00:18:00
  • Analysis of brake disc (Thermal and static)00:20:00
  • Brake Calculations00:15:00
  • Suspension & terminologies00:25:00
  • Factors affecting Vehicle Stability00:10:00
  • Dependent Suspension ( With Calculations )00:40:00
  • Quarter Car Model00:11:00
  • Case Study (Simulate electric car Suspension geometry on Lotus/Adams) - Coming soon00:40:00
  • Steering components & their functions00:11:00
  • Steering geometries00:15:00
  • Steering Parameters00:13:00
  • Power Steering 00:20:00
  • Steering Mechanism Calculation00:12:00
  • Steering Errors00:11:00
  • Case Study -Continuous Track Steering System00:10:00
  • Mini Project 1: Calculate the Turning Radius of any Electrical Vehicle launched in 2020.

Program outcomes

  • Apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering.
  • Design and Dynamics Concept along with Calculation.
  • Mathematical Modelling / CAD Modelling
  • Body of Frame – Chassis Design and Analysis
  • Vehicle Verification and Validation
  • What are the Codes and Standards need to be followed to design a vehicle as per Motor Vehicle Act / ARAI/ICAT
  • Design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data.
  • Identify, formulates, and solves engineering problems.
  • Recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long learning.
  • Utilize experimental, statistical and computational methods and tools necessary for engineering practice.
  • To develop extensive knowledge and understanding of a wide range of computer modelling and simulation software.
  • Conduct rigorous and ethical research / formal inquiry into related issues that require familiarity with a range of research sources and appropriate methodologies.
  • Build a strong understanding of the fundamental concepts which are at work in a vehicle which is in motion.
  • Learn how to design a Basic suspension from scratch.
  • Learn the basics of Vibration isolation and what is damping in suspensions?

About instructor

Instructor
Name : ISIEINDIA E-LEARNING
Reviews : 226 Reviews
Student : 4091 Students
Courses : 106 Courses

Reviews

5
Based on 1 Reviews
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5 Stars

saloni Gupta - Wed, 24-Jun-2020

When I started this course , at the same time , i did not find much interesting , but when i finished this program . I'm having a completely different feeling . I would like to recommend it to others.

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